Грамматика английского языка How English Works

ISBN: 0 19 431457 x (без ответов)

Учебное пособие How English Works предназначено для тех, кто хочет правильно писать и разговаривать на английском языке. Оно может быть использовано как для работы в классе, так и для самостоятельного обучения. В книге содержатся краткие четкие объяснения грамматических правил языка, примеры их правильного использования, а также большое количество красочных иллюстраций и упражнений разной степени сложности. Кроме того, данный учебник дает возможность изучить те тонкости английского языка, которые не упоминаются в других грамматиках данного уровня.

Introduction – Введение

Test yourself – Проверь себя

Test yourself: answers – Проверь себя: ответы

Explanations and exercises: list of sections – Объяснения и ответы: перечень разделов

Phonetic alphabet – Фонетический алфавит

Explanations and exercises – Объяснения и ответы

Answers to exercises – Ответы к упражнениям

Index – Указатель страниц

Содержание пособия:

Introduction – Введение

Test yourself – Проверь себя

Test yourself: answers – Проверь себя: ответы

Explanations and exercises: list of sections – Объяснения и ответы: перечень разделов:

determiners: articles, possessives, demonstratives – определительные слова: артикли, притяжательные местоимения и указательные местоимения

a and an

a/an and one

a/an: main uses

a/an in descriptions

the = “you know which one(s)”

generalizations without the

the and no article: special cases

articles: revision

possessives (my and mine etc)

this and that

other determiners – другие определительные слова

which? and what?

some and any

some/any and no article

no = “not a/any”

any = “it doesn’t matter which”

some, any and no: revision

all, everybody and everything

whole and all

much, many, a lot (of), little, few

less and least, fewer and fewest

other(s) and another

enough, too and too much

of with determiners

pronouns and nouns – местоимения и существительные

personal pronouns: I and me etc

reflexive pronouns (myself etc)

you, one and they

one(s)

pronouns and possessives: revision

countable and uncountable nouns

uncountable nouns: special cases

plurals of nouns: spelling

plurals of nouns: special cases

mixed singular and plural

possessive ‘s

noun + noun

noun + noun or preposition structure

noun + noun and possessive ‘s

possessive ‘s or the of structure

adjectives and adverbs – прилагательные и наречия

adjectives and adverbs

confusing adjectives and adverbs

and with adjectives

adjectives without nouns

adjectives: order before nouns

word order: adverbs with the verb

focusing adverbs: even and only

adverbs at the end of the sentence

still, yet and already

comparison, degree – сравнения, степень

comparatives and superlatives

irregular comparison

comparative and superlative adverbs

much etc with comparatives

comparative or superlative?

comparatives: other points

superlatives: other points

than, as and that

as…as

like and as

so and such

very and too

very (much) with past participles

be, do and have – глаголы be, do и have

be: progressive forms: do be

be: age, colour etc

do: emphatic auxiliary

do and make

have: actions

have (got): possession etc

have: habitual and repeated actions

have + object + verb form

modal auxiliary verbs – модальные глаголы

modal auxiliary verbs: basic rules

must, can, may, might: how certain?

must, should etc: obligation

must and have to / have got to: obligation

must not, do not have to etc

can (ability): special problems

can, could, may: permission etc

will: willingness etc

will and would: typical behavior

shall in questions

should have, could have etc

revision of modal verbs

need

had better

used to…

supposed to

tenses: future – Выражение будущего времени

future: will (and shall)

future: going to

future: present progressive tense

future: comparison of structures

future: simple present

future: tenses after if and when

future progressive

future perfect

future: I am to…

future in the past

tenses: present – времена: настоящее

the two present tenses

present tense stories etc

present progressive for changes

Present Simple: spelling

non-progressive verbs

he’s always borrowing money etc

revision of present tenses

tenses: perfect and past – времена: совершенное и прошедшее

simple present perfect: introduction

present perfect and past: news

present perfect and past: time words

present perfect: situations “up to now”

present perfect progressive

present perfect progressive or simple?

since and for

tenses with since and for

present perfect and past: revision

past progressive

past perfect

past perfect progressive

perfect tenses with this is the first etc

past and progressive in requests etc

revision of past and perfect tenses

passives – страдательный залог

passive structures

reasons for using passives

passives: verbs with two objects

passives: progressive, perfect etc

passives: complex structures

structures after verbs, adjectives and nouns – структуры после глаголов, прилагательных и существительных

verbs with two objects

verbs with prepositions and particles

structures with get

infinitive

perfect infinitives (to have gone etc)

infinitive with and without to

I don’t want to etc

infinitive of purpose

interested and interesting etc

—ing forms as subjects, objects etc

preposition + -ing

preposition + -ing: special cases

to…ing

verb + infinitive or –ing form

go…ing

need…ing

verb + object + infinitive

-ing form and infinitive both possible

adjective + infinitive or –ing form

noun + infinitive or –ing form

for…to…after adjective/noun

basic sentence-structures – основные структуры предложений

questions

what…like, what time, what sort etc

negative structures

negative questions

not and no

negatives: I don’t think etc

imperatives

let’s

exclamations

there is

dropping sentence-beginnings

dropping words after auxiliaries

question tags: basic rules

question tags: advanced points

short answers and attention signals

I don’t (think) so etc

so am I etc

it: preparatory subject and object

emphasis with it, what etc

conjunctions – союзы

conjunctions

conjunctions and clauses: position

using conjunctions

conjunctions with –ing forms

-ing clauses without conjunctions

both…and; neither…nor

leaving out that

tenses after conjunctions

indirect speech – косвенная речь

indirect speech: why things change

indirect speech: “here” and “now”

indirect speech: tenses 

indirect speech: present situations

indirect speech: questions

indirect speech: infinitives

tell and say

indirect speech: special cases

revision of indirect speech

structures with if, unless, in case etc – Условные предложения с if, unless, in case и т. д.

if: ordinary tense-use

if: special tense-use

if I go and If I went: the difference

if I were

if: unreal past situations

unless

in case

it’s time, would rather: structures

wish, if only: structures

relative clauses – придаточные предложения

relative who, which and that

leaving out relative pronouns

what = “ the thing that” etc

relative whose

non-identifying relative clauses

reduced relative clauses

relatives: revision

reading relative clauses

whoever, no matter who etc

prepositions — предлоги

prepositions with verbs, nouns etc

at/in and to

by and until

for and during

opposite and in front of

between and among

prepositions at the end of questions

prepositions in relative clauses

prepositions in passive clauses

prepositions after adjective + infinitive

miscellaneous – разное

numbers

contractions

grammar: useful words

Phonetic alphabet – Фонетический алфавит

Explanations and exercises – Объяснения и ответы

Answers to exercises – Ответы к упражнениям

Index – Указатель страниц