Грамматика

Придаточные предложения причины (Clauses of Reason)

Придаточные предложения причины – это такие зависимые части сложноподчиненного предложения, которые отвечают на вопросы “почему?» и «зачем?» и обозначают причину совершения действия, которое было выражено глагольным сказуемым главного предложения.

Такие придаточные поясняют причину тех или иных действий, явлений, желаний или намерений. По значению они аналогичны русским придаточным, которые начинаются с союзов и союзных слов «потому что», «так как», «в силу чего», «из-за того, что» и т.п.

В английском языке придаточные предложения причины чаще всего начинаются с союзов “because” («потому что»), as или since («так как»).

  • Например: I was very busy yesterday because I had to prepare a report for the conference. – Вчера я был очень занят, потому что я должен был подготовить доклад для конференции.

Однако такой способ образования придаточных причины – не единственный: они также могут начинаться с конструкции “The reason for + существительное/герундий”. При этом все сложноподчиненное предложение, как правило, начинается с этих слов.

  • Например: The reason for his decision to refuse to execute this work was the fact that the salary was too low. – Причиной его решения отказаться выполнять эту работу была низкая зарплата.

Помимо описанных выше, существуют и некоторые иные варианты образования придаточных предложений причины, которые мы поместили в таблице, проиллюстрировав ее конкретными примерами предложений и их переводом на русский язык. Каждый из этих способов предполагает использование союзных слов, посредством которых придаточное предложение соединяется с главным грамматически и по смыслу.

способы образования придаточных предложений причины примеры
 

The reason why + придаточное предложение (с подлежащим и сказуемым)

The reason why she couldn’t arrive in time was (the fact) that the weather was very bad indeed. – Причиной, почему она не смогла прибыть вовремя, была плохая погода.
 

Because of (on) account of (due) to + существительное

We were unable to print these documents on the computer because of a printer trouble. – Мы не смогли распечатать эти документы компьютере ввиду неполадок в работе принтера.
 

Because of (on) account of/due to + the fact that + придаточное предложение (с подлежащим и сказуемым)

The professor was unable to carry out the experiment due to the fact that there was no necessary equipment. – Профессор не смог провести эксперимент из-за того, что отсутствовало необходимое для этого оборудование.
Now (that) +  придаточное предложение (с подлежащим и сказуемым) Now (that) we are not so busy as we used to be, we can afford to invite guests. – Теперь, когда мы не так заняты, как прежде, мы можем себе позволить пригласить гостей.

Из представленных примеров следует, что английские придаточные причины по своему строению, служебным частям речи и местоположению в составе сложноподчиненного предложения во многом похожи на русские. Однако при построении таких высказываний необходимо обращать внимание на временную форму сказуемых главного и придаточных предложений, которые подчинены закону согласования времен. Согласно этому закону, время глагольного сказуемого придаточного предложения находится в зависимости от времени сказуемого главного.

 

 

Дополнительное упражнение по теме № 1
Transform the following sentences to a sentence with a reason clause using an appropriate conjunction:
1. Mary didn’t have needed qualifications. She didn’t get the job.
  Possible answer: Mary didn’t get the job because she didn’t have needed qualifications.
2. She was hungry. She made a sandwich.
  Possible answer: She was hungry, so she made a sandwich.
3. Computers have been introduced. Industries have to be reorganized.
  Possible answer: Since computers have been introduced industries have to be reorganized.
4. I enjoy this. I’m doing this.
  Possible answer: I’m doing this because I enjoy this.
5. The princess was sad. Her father had died.
  Possible answer: The princess was sad as her father had died.
6. It happened because of his carelessness.
  Possible answer: The reason why it happened was his carelessness.
7. This new album is exciting. We are going to buy it.
  Possible answer: This new album is exciting, so we are going to buy it.
8. Everyone is here. We can begin the meeting.
  Possible answer: Since everyone is here we can begin the meeting.
9. I love you. You understand me.
  Possible answer: I love you because you understand me.
10. The latest film of Woody Allen is good. I’ll go and see it.
  Possible answer: The latest film of Woody Allen is good, so I’ll go and see it.
11. I don’t go to discos. I don’t like disco music.
  Possible answer: I don’t go to discos because I don’t like disco music.
12. The studies are over. We can go on holidays.
  Possible answer: Now that the studies are over we can go on holidays.
13. It was Saturday. He stayed in bed an extra hour.
  Possible answer: As it was Saturday he stayed in bed an extra hour.
14. The driver got into an accident. He was drunk.
  Possible answer: The reason for the accident was the fact that the driver was drunk.
15. Mary bought a bicycle. She doesn’t need to use her car so much now.
  Possible answer: Mary bought a bicycle, so she doesn’t need to use her car so much now.
16. There was inflation. The prices rose up.
  Possible answer: On account of inflation the prices rose up.
17. The company closed. It had large debts.
  Possible answer: Due to the fact that the company had large debts it closed.
18. He missed the class. He was not well.
  Possible answer: He missed the class because he was not well.
19. Jane’s mother got ill. She stayed in the city for one more week.
  Possible answer: The reason why Jane stayed in the city for one more week was that her mother got ill.
20. Ann didn’t go to the exhibition. She didn’t know about it.
Possible answer: Ann didn’t go to the exhibition as she didn’t know about it.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Дополнительное упражнение по теме № 2
Choose the correct answer:
1. Lisa is afraid of water ___ she doesn’t know how to swim.
  a. so b. because
2. The hotel service was awful ___ we had to leave.
  a. so b. since
3. ___ the strike all payments will be postponed.
  a. As b. On account of
4. He was admired __ his originality.
  a. so b. because of
5. The factory closed ___ a lack of orders.
  a. due to b. since
6. ___ her nervousness she said a few more stupid things.
  a. The reason why b. On account of
7. I did not buy it __ I did not like the look of it.
  a. because b. due to
8. ___ the shop didn’t attract enough customers, it closed.
  a. So b. Since
9. It was ___ your stupidity that we lost the game.
  a. because of b. because
10. The war was lost ___ bad organization.
  a. as b. due to
11. ___ you’re so friendly with him why don’t you go and meet him?
  a. Since b. On account of
12. ___ they lost the game is because their goalkeeper is no good.
  a. The reason why b. due to
13. The flight will be delayed ___ the late arrival of the incoming aircraft.
  a. due to b. so
14. ___ he can’t be at home not it’s no use to phone him.
  a. On account of b. Because
15. __ you know what is in the letter I won’t read it.
  a. As b. So
16. They enter politics ___ they’re hungry for power.
  a. because b. on account of
17. ___ we have plenty of time we can help them.
  a. The reason why b. Now that
18. ___ it was his day off he didn’t do anything.
  a. Since b. Due to
19. Jim had won 50 pounds in a lottery, ___ he bought drinks for everybody.
  a. as b. so
20. ___ she left him was that he treated her badly.
  a. The reason why b. On account of