Придаточные предложения образа действия – это такой вид придаточных предложений в составе сложноподчиненного, который обозначает, в какой манере совершается действие, выраженное сказуемым главного предложения. Такие придаточные отвечают на вопросы: «как?», «каким образом». Также такие конструкции могут обозначать и действия, которые сравниваются с другими действиями, либо действия и состояния, имевшие место в прошедшем времени, но нереальные в настоящем.
Эти придаточные вводятся с помощью союзов и союзных слов as if (as though) , которые переводятся «как будто», «как если бы».
При наличии придаточных предложений образа действия в главном присутствуют такие глаголы, как
- act – действовать,
- be – быть,
- behave – вести,
- appear – появляться,
- look – смотреть, выглядеть,
- feel – чувствовать, и другие глаголы действия и состояния.
Согласно закону согласования времен и, соответственно, в зависимости от грамматического строения главного предложения и смысла высказывания в целом, придаточные предложения образа действия образуются по-разному в зависимости от времени, ситуации по смыслу и залога (а в некоторых случаях – лица и числа). Наиболее распространенные способы употребления придаточных предложений образа действия мы поместили в таблице, приведя примеры с переводом на русский язык.
| способы употребления придаточных предложений образа действия | примеры |
| as if/as though употребляется с глаголами в форме прошедшего времени для описания ситуаций, нереальных с точки зрения настоящего момента | He is behaving as if/as though nothing had happened. – Он ведет себя, как если бы ничего не произошло. |
| с глаголами в форме настоящего времени (включая настоящее совершенное) as if/as though употребляется для описания ситуаций, кажущихся вполне вероятными на настоящий момент | He looks as if/as though he understands what he’s doing very well. – Кажется, он очень хорошо понимает, что делает. |
| В некоторых случаях кроме союзов as if/as though в придаточных образа действия также употребляются союзы аs, like и the way | She needs the money, like I do, so she makes dresses in the evenings. – Ей нужны деньги, как и мне, поэтому она по вечерам шьет платья. |
Данные, приведенные в таблице, не следует считать исчерпывающими: в современной английской речи встречается немало тех ситуаций, когда используются одновременно несколько придаточных (смешанные предложения), а также глагол английского языка имеет много иных форм времени, которые здесь указаны не были. Это, на наш взгляд, нельзя описать в качестве некоего универсального «алгоритма»: подобными аспектами можно качественно овладеть, лишь систематически и последовательно сталкиваясь с английской речью лично во всех ее ситуационных и стилистических проявлениях. В то же время необходимо отметить, что такие придаточные распространены и в русском языке, но с той разницей, что грамматика русского языка допускает использование разных времен глагольных сказуемых в главном и придаточном предложениях без их согласования, тогда как в английском языке сказуемое придаточной части сложного предложения по своей форме времени зависит от сказуемого главной, и их необходимо согласовывать между собой, употребляя соответствующие синтаксические конструкции.
| Дополнительное упражнение по теме № 1 | ||
| Choose the correct answer: | ||
| 1. | She looks as if she ___. | |
| a. had been crying | b. has been crying | |
| 2. | They look at the picture as if they ___. | |
| a. enjoy it | b. enjoyed it. | |
| 3. | He speaks to me as if ___. | |
| a. I’m a fool | b. I were a fool | |
| 4. | She feels as though she ___. | |
| a. had nothing to eat for weeks | b. has nothing to eat for weeks | |
| 5. | Mick is tired as if he___. | |
| a. had been driving all the day | b. has been driving all day long | |
| 6. | Jane is out of breath as though she ___. | |
| a. has been running the whole way | b. had been running the whole way | |
| 7. | He’s shouting as if he ___. | |
| a. is going to explode | b. were going to explode | |
| 8. | The teacher speaks so quickly as though he ___. | |
| a. is in a hurry | b. were in a hurry | |
| 9. | Michael smiled as if he ___. | |
| a. won the lottery | b. had won the lottery | |
| 10. | I often sneeze as though I ___. | |
| a. have got a cold | b. had got a cold | |
| 11. | This little girl acts as if she ___. | |
| a. is a real actress | b. were a real actress | |
| 12. | It smells as though your pie ___. | |
| a. is burnt | b. had been burnt | |
| 13. | He looks as if he ___. | |
| a. has got some good news | b. had got some good news | |
| 14. | Why do you often behave as if you ___? | |
| a. are alone in the world | b. were alone in the world | |
| 15. | Your dinner tastes as though you ___. | |
| a. have studied all cooking books | b. had studied all cooking books | |
| 16. | After the exams I felt as though I ___. | |
| a. climbed Everest | b. had climbed Everest | |
| 17. | It sounds as if ___ in the garden. | |
| a. a bird is singing | b. s bird had been singing | |
| 18. | My wife always looks as if she ___. | |
| a. is 18 | b. were 18 | |
| 19. | Jane walks as though she ___. | |
| a. is a model | b. were a model | |
| 20. | He was talking about weather as if it ___. | |
| a. was very important | b. had been very important | |
| Дополнительное упражнение по теме № 2 | |||
| Choose the correct answer: | |||
| 1. | They treat their dog as though ___. | ||
| a. it was their son | b. it is their daughter | c. it had been snowing | |
| 2. | We always laugh at his jokes as though ___. | ||
| a. we never hear them before | b. we never heard them before | c. he was a boss | |
| 3. | It smells as if ___. | ||
| a. your mother is cooking | b. your mother was cooking | c. your daddy was sleeping | |
| 4. | Children were frightened as though they ___. | ||
| a. saw a ghost | b. had seen a ghost | c. had eaten dinner | |
| 5. | Kate wore a new dress as if she ___. | ||
| a. was going to the party | b. had been going to the party | c. had seen a dog | |
| 6. | Our baby sometimes behaves as though he ___. | ||
| a. were much older | b. had been much older | c. had been very fun | |
| 7. | It was so much noise as if they ___. | ||
| a. had put out fire | b. put out fire | c. had danced all day | |
| 8. | That just married couple behaves as if they ___. | ||
| a. are having an argument | b. were having an argument | c. are falling apart | |
| 9. | It’s so cold today as though the winter ___. | ||
| a. was coming | b. had been coming | c. is finishing | |
| 10. | She is so haughty as though she __. | ||
| a. is a queen | b. were a queen | c. is a king | |
| 11. | I felt as if I ___. | ||
| a. ate an elephant | b. had eaten an elephant | c. bite a dog | |
| 12. | James is so selfish as if he ___. | ||
| a. is the center of the universe | b. were the center of the universe | c. cooks the dinner | |
| 13. | Sara talks about literature as if she ___. | ||
| a. is an expert | b. had been an expert | c. likes TV | |
| 14. | It was so dark as though the sun ___. | ||
| a. was switched off | b. had been switched off | c. is shining | |
| 15. | Jacob orders everyone around as if he ___. | ||
| a. is a boss | b. were a boss | c. is poor | |
| 16. | After passing the exam I felt as if I ___. | ||
| a. win a race | b. had won a race | c. catch a cold | |
| 17. | He looked as though he ___. | ||
| a. was a friend of theirs | b. had been a friend of theirs | c. solve the problem | |
| 18. | The music sounded as though it ___. | ||
| a. was composed by a great musician | b. had been composed by a great musician | c. was stolen | |
| 19. | The dog was so wet as if it ___. | ||
| a. is swimming | b. was swimming | c. caught a cat | |
| 20. | The apple smelled as if it ___. | ||
| a. is an orange | b. were an orange | c. were beautiful | |
Pre-intermediate
Упражнения на придаточные предложения
Упражнения на придаточные предложения
