Прошедшее совершенное продолженное время – это форма глагола, обозначающая действие предмета, которое началось в прошлом ранее другого действия, выраженного в данном предложении в Past Indefinite Tense, и еще продолжалось в момент завершения последнего. При этом в высказывании должен быть указан период времени, в течение которого данное действие совершалось. Например:
- We had been working there for two years when the chief offered us this job. – Мы работали там два года, когда шеф предложил нам эту должность.
В данном предложении имеется два действия, одно из которых выражено глаголом в Past Indefinite Tense, а также указан определенный момент времени (for two years), в течение которого действие, выражаемое в Past Perfect Continuous Tense, имело место.
Однако если в предложении не указано, в течение какого отрезка времени продолжалось действие, то употребляется форма Past Continuous Tense. Например, в предложении:
- I was reading a newspaper when my friend came to me. – Я читал газету, когда ко мне пришел мой друг.
Здесь не указано, в течение какого именно времени продолжалось действие подлежащего (чтение газеты): следовательно, в такое случае нельзя употреблять Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
Кроме случаев, описанных выше, прошедшее совершенное продолженное время используется для обозначения длительного прошедшего действия, которое закончилось непосредственно до определенного момента или другого действия в прошлом. Конкретный момент в прошлом обычно определяется ситуацией, а сама форма Past Perfect Continuous подчеркивает продолжительность предыдущего действия и его последствия по отношению к описываемому моменту. Период времени, в течение которого совершалось действие, может быть указан или нет: в таких речевых ситуациях это не является обязательным условием. Чаще всего такая речевая ситуация представлена двумя предложениями, второе из которых дополняет по смыслу первое. Например:
- His eyes were red. I saw he had been crying. – Его глаза были красными. Я увидел, что он плакал.
Прошедшее совершенное продолженное время образуется при помощи вспомогательной глагольной конструкции had been во всех лицах и числах и смыслового глагола с окончанием –ing.
Глагольная конструкция had been состоит из двух вспомогательных глаголов: had, который является формой прошедшего времени глагола to have, и been, который является причастной формой вспомогательного глагола to be. Эти слова не переводятся на русский язык и служат для образования прошедшего совершенного продолженного времени.
В качестве примера сказанному выше, рассмотрим спряжение глагола to make в Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
| единственное число | множественное число | ||
| 1 лицо | I had been making | 1 лицо | we had been making |
| 2 лицо | you had been making | 2 лицо | you had been making |
|
3 лицо |
he had been making
she had been making it had been making |
3 лицо |
they had been making |
Для того чтобы образовать отрицательную форму данного времени, используется частица отрицания not, которая ставится после слова had перед словом been. Например:
He had not been listening to the music for ten minutes when his brother entering the room. – Он уже десять минут не слушал музыку, когда его брат вошел в комнату.
Для того чтобы в данном времени задать вопрос, используется вспомогательный глагол had во всех лицах и числах, который ставится либо на первое место перед подлежащим (если это – общий или альтернативный вопрос), либо после вопросительного местоимения, если этот вопрос – специальный. Например:
- Had he been working in the company for one year when they offered him to work abroad? – Работал ли он в компании в течение года, когда ему предложили работать за рубежом?
- Where had he been working for one year when they offered him to work abroad? – Где он работал в течение года, когда ему предложили работать за рубежом?
Как следует из представленной информации, данная форма времени во многом схожа с прошедшим продолженным временем, однако отличается от него, прежде всего, наличием придаточного предложения, которое выражает обстоятельство времени (обстоятельственное придаточное). Людям, которые начинают знакомиться с грамматическими аспектами английского глагола, часто свойственно ошибочно употреблять эти формы. В принципе, это нельзя назвать грубой ошибкой: речь может идти только о небольшом искажении сути предложения, точнее, его смыслового оттенка. Однако по мере углубления Вашей собственной речевой практики Вы и сами вскоре поймете, каковы же истинные критерии употребления времен глагола. Здесь следует не просто механически запомнить эти правила и принципы, а «пропустить» их сквозь призму Вашего практического опыта работы с английской речью. И наша компания будет рада Вам в этом помочь.
| Дополнительное упражнение по теме № 1 | ||
| Choose the correct answer: | ||
| 1. | John was very tired. He ___. | |
| a. had been running | b. had run | |
| 2. | By the time I left England we ___ in Bristol for five years. | |
| a. had lived | b. had been living | |
| 3. | They watered the trees that they ___. | |
| a. had planted | b. had been planting | |
| 4. | I could smell cigarettes. Somebody ___. | |
| a. had been smoking | b. had smoked | |
| 5. | I received a good mark in my test because I ___ a lot. | |
| a. had been practicing | b. had practiced | |
| 6. | ____ before the crash? | |
| a. Had the pilot been drinking | b. Had the pilot drunk | |
| 7. | The boys ___ for half an hour when we arrived home. | |
| a. had quarreled | b. had been quarreling | |
| 8. | The teacher corrected the tests that the pupils ___. | |
| a. had written | b. had been writing | |
| 9. | Her back hurt because she ___ at the computer all day. | |
| a. had sat | b. had been sitting | |
| 10. | The boy was very sorry for what he ___. | |
| a. had done | b. had been doing | |
| 11. | I ___ Angelina for 3 years before we got married. | |
| a. had been dating | b. had dated | |
| 12. | They showed me the pictures they ___ during their holidays. | |
| a. had been taking | b. had taken | |
| 13. | She said she knew Charlie ___ to her. | |
| a. had been lying | b. had lied | |
| 14. | In the evening the children told their daddy what they ___ at the zoo. | |
| a. had been seeing | b. had seen | |
| 15. | He said he wasn’t tired because he ___ that day. | |
| a. hadn’t worked | b. hadn’t been working | |
| 16. | The wind blew away the leaves that we ___. | |
| a. had collected | b. had been collecting | |
| 17. | Jessica got sunburnt because she ___ too long. | |
| a. had sunbathed | b. had been sunbathing | |
| 18. | After I ___ my room I went to the cinema. | |
| a. had cleaned | b. had been cleaning | |
| 19. | I ___ to get tickets for that play for months before my friend finally got them. | |
| a. had tried | b. had been trying | |
| 20. | I had to go on a diet because I ___ too much sugar. | |
| a. had been eating | b. had eaten | |
| Дополнительное упражнение по теме № 2 | |||
| Choose the correct answer: | |||
| 1. | Mrs Brown ___ in the garden when the murder happened. | ||
| a. wasn’t working | b. hadn’t worked | c. hadn’t been working | |
| 2. | I went to bed after I ___ off the television. | ||
| a. had been switching | b. was switching | c. had switched | |
| 3. | He ___ the internet at three o’clock. | ||
| a. had been using | b. was using | c. had used | |
| 4. | He was really angry because he ___ for more than half an hour when I arrived. | ||
| a. had been waiting | b. had waited | c. was waiting | |
| 5. | I was late for work because I ___ the bus. | ||
| a. was missing | b. had missed | c. had been missing | |
| 6. | When I saw you and Lucy last night, what ___? | ||
| a. had you done | b. had you been doing | c. were you doing | |
| 7. | The doorbell rang while I ___. | ||
| a. was ironing | b. had been ironing | c. had ironed | |
| 8. | We ___ the play when the lights went off. | ||
| a. had watched | b. were watching | c. had been watching | |
| 9. | The roads were wet through because it ___ all night. | ||
| a. had been raining | b. was raining | c. had rained | |
| 10. | When we arrived at the station, the train ___. | ||
| a. was already leaving | b. had already been leaving | c. had already left | |
| 11. | We saw an accident while we ___ on the highway. | ||
| a. were driving | b. had driven | c. had been driving | |
| 12. | We lived in the house that my father ___. | ||
| a. had been building | b. was building | c. had built | |
| 13. | At six o’clock we ___ dinner. | ||
| a. had had | b. were having | c. had been having | |
| 14. | The children ___ for hours, before they realized how late it was. | ||
| a. were playing | b. had played | c. had been playing | |
| 15. | Who ___ a letter? | ||
| a. was dictating | b. had been dictating | c. had dictated | |
| 16. | I had to clean the floor because my cats __ over the flower pots. | ||
| a. had been knocking | b. had knocked | c. were knocking | |
| 17. | We didn’t know where to go because we ___. | ||
| a. weren’t listening | b. hadn’t listened | c. hadn’t been listening | |
| 18. | I thought that she ___ English for years. | ||
| a. had been studying | c. had studied | c. was studying | |
| 19. | My friend was in hospital because she ___ on a banana skin. | ||
| a. was slipping | b. had slipped | c. had been slipping | |
| 20. | He ___ for 40 years before he decided to stop. | ||
| a. had smoked | c. was smoking | c. had been smoking | |
Тесты и упражнения
Elementary
Упражнения на Past Perfect Continuous
Pre-intermediate
